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非谓语动词的主语是什么，修饰的对象是什么？

一般来说，句子只有一个名词或代词是主语的话，就是主语，例如： The book is said to have been translated into English. 谓语是is said，非谓语是 to have been translated，因为是被动所以是承受者，但都是这本书 the book。句子如果有多个名词或代词， 非谓语动作发出者是最近的名词，例如： When I came in, he pretended to be reading a book. 非谓语to be reading的发出者是 he他

动作发出者大多数情况是动词前的名词或代词，但也有例外，被动句中如果写明发出者的句子，例如：He was beaten by Helen. 这句话中的动作“打”发出者是Helen。

动作的发出者是句子主语，修饰

I like to eat carrots.
I liked eating carrots.
I am a talking rabbit.
The rabbit likes minced carrots.
The rabbit is charming.

兔子散发魅力

The story is interesting.

故事引人入胜，让人产生兴趣

The game is exciting.

游戏激动人心，让人激动

The news is encouraging.

新闻鼓舞人心，让人新潮澎拜

非谓语在动作发出者之前

Hearing the news, the rabbit became excited. - 作状语

Not knowing what to eat, the rabbit skipped lunch. 作状语



动作的发出者不是句子主语

The wolf saw the rabbit eating a carrot.
The wolf saw the rabbit eat a carrot.

修饰大于发出动作，

a talking rabbit

动作的发出者和修饰对象都是rabbit

a sleeping pill = a pill for sleeping

You helped me cook the carrot.

省略了to，裸不定式,bare infinitive

To be or not to be, that is a question.

省略了people

不定式作主语

To eat a carrot every day is good for the rabbit.

to eat a carrot 作主语

It is good for the rabbit to eat a carrot every day.

it是形式主语

It is good that the rabbit eats a carrot every day.

主语从句

The rabbit likes to eat carrots.

不定式作宾语

to eat作宾语

I consider it important to eat a carrot every day.

it是形式宾语，代表to eat

独立主格

现在分词、过去分词在句中的状语里，而非句子主语。但是在状语中，分词修饰的对象虽然并非句子的主语，却像是分词的主语

The work finished, the rabbit went home.

The weather permitting, the rabbit will go out.